The Drake Well was the discovery well in August of the great Pennsylvania Oil Field. The Drake Well was the Discovery Well of the great Pennsylvania Oil Field. Inthe Pennsylvania Field was still producing half the crude oil in North America. The Drake Well was drilled on the old Hibbard Farm straddling Oil Creek just below Titusville. This Farm was owned by the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Co. Other investors in the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Co.

The New Haven investors formed the Seneca Oil Co. Seneca Oil sent Edwin Drake to Titusville in the spring of to arrange to drill for oil on the site. Edwin Drake and his drilling crew brought this first well in late August from a shallow depth of less than 70 feet. Within weeks, the Oil Creek Valley filled with men seeking oil leases down the creek to the Allegheny River.

Today, the site and a replica of the Drake Well is honored and maintained at the Drake Well Museum and Park site. George Bissell is honored with a Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission historical marker in Franklin at Liberty and South Park. James Evans, a Franklin blacksmith, brought in the second oil well, the one after the Drake.

The Evans Well caused quite an excitement in Franklin when Evans and his son struck oil in November after drilling down 70 ft. Within months, over a hundred wells were drilled in front yards, back yards and alleys. Ten, or so, of those wells proved to be modestly successful pumping wells.

The Evans Well found the southern edge of the Franklin Heavy Crude District located primarily across French Creek in Sugarcreek Township between Two Mile Run and Patchel Run. The Franklin Heavy Crude District produced a unique, very heavy crude oil, well suited for railroad lubrication.

Today, the site of the Evans Well is a church parking lot. With the success of the Drake Well, an oil well George Bissell had a substantial royalty interest in, Bissell moved from New York City to Franklin in to pursue new oil ventures. With wealthy local Franklin investors and several large investors who were his acquaintances in New York and Connecticut, Bissell purchased promising oil lands around Franklin and up along Oil Creek.

His ventures, ultimately involving millions of dollars, proved particularly successful for him, his partners and the early oil industry. The largest of these Bissell ventures were the Central Petroleum Co. The Bissell historical marker is just across South Park. The foundation of the Bissell Bank in Petroleum Centre can readily be seen today in Oil Creek State Park where old Washington St. The Hoover Well located a few miles below the mouth of French Creek on the west bank of the Allegheny River in Sandycreek Township came in just days before Christmas It was the third producing well in the Pennsylvania Oil Region.

Initially flowing at barrels a day, the Hoover settled in at 40 barrels pumped a day and produced for years. This crude oil from the Hoover was of the light, volatile variety very suitable for refining illuminating oil and of the same character as found on Oil Creek. James Hoover of Franklin and Vance Stewart of Cranberry Township were the principal owners of this venture. In JanuaryGeorge Bissell and Jonathan Eveleth invested in this very successful early producing partnership.

The Hoover Well early on demonstrated the Venango Oil Field extended far beyond the Oil Creek valley. Today, the site of the Hoover Well can be seen by traveling south on the Allegheny Valley Bike Trail in Cranberry Township about a mile below the mouth of Lower Two Mile Run and the Brine Plant.

At a point on the trail and river where the lower end of the first island below French Creek is reached, an interested visitor can easily see on the far western side of the river some river-side cottages where the Hoover Well property was located. Today, his home can be seen on 12th Street as it comes up to Liberty. The old Hoover residence exists now as the renovated Franklin Public Library. A week or so after the Drake Well came in, William Phillips, a river man coming down the Allegheny from Warren, noticed a slick of crude oil on the water near the south bank of the river across from and just above the mouth of Oil Creek.

Phillips joined with Charles Lockhart and William Frew of Pittsburgh to lease the Thomas Downing Farm at this point. Oil was found in March That month, the first shipment of crude to Pittsburgh from what would be Oil City was sent down-river by steamboat to Pittsburgh. Today, the riverbank site of the Albion Well can be readily observed from Justus Park in Oil City. Funk was a steamboat owner and captain on the Youghiogheny River in Southwestern Pennsylvania when in he moved north to Warren County.

Just outside of Tidioute, he built a steam-powered sawmill at a place called Steam Mills. Funk enjoyed financial success in his milling and timber ventures throughout the decade. When the Drake Well struck oil in late SummerFunk almost immediately bought two farms on Oil Creek about 8 miles below Drake Well, farms which belonged to David McElheny.

In FebruaryFunk set his son to drilling a well on the Lower McElheny close by the creek where it completes a sinuous turn before traveling south. The younger Funk commenced drilling with a spring pole. The well commenced flowing without pumping at barrels a day. Funk's Flowing Well caught the attention of the Oil Creek drillers, and soon, those who could afford a steam engine were commonly drilling down ft.

Other successful flowing wells were drilled close by. One, the Empire, produced 3, barrels a day. A small post office village, Funkville, was built around the wells. The great flowing production of the Funkville wells and others that followed on Oil Creek later in dramatically altered the early oil industry in several ways. Immense production numbers beyond the ability of early markets to absorb crude oil crushed the price to below a dollar a barrel. The pumping wells in the Oil Region with their small production could not afford to operate.

The pumping wells shut down.

The established coal oil refiners in Pittsburgh, New York and Boston realized an abundant, new, cheap American resource was available.

They could build a refining industry around crude oil. Today, the former site of this historically critical little village can be seen on the Oil Creek flats just below the Oil Creek Bike Trail Bridge at the old Pioneer railroad crossing. A variety of historical Funkville photos exist and its location is identified by a wayside marker on the bike trail passing by.

Funk sold his Warren County property and moved to Titusville where in he built a fine home suitable for an oil baron. The home is gone, but both illustrations of it and photos survive. The small James Tarr Farm sat on the east bank of Oil Creek down the creek from Funkville and below the toll bridge on the Cherrytree — Plumer Road. Producers with leases on the Tarr Farm feverishly drilled for oil hoping to find the third sand crude.

On October 19, shortly after midnight, the Phillips No. The well was ultimately brought under control but not before flooding the creek and surrounding country. Crude oil buyers bought directly from the wells in late Tarr Farm set the price of crude at fifty cents a barrel, sometimes even less.

In April ofthe Phillips No. Today, the site of the Phillips No. Rail Road bridge at Tarr Farm. Prior to the Phillips No.

Heman Janes came to own half of the Phillips Well output. Janes would be the first land owner — producer to control ground water flooding by the field wide use of well casing and synchronous pumping.

Lockhart and Frew used their prodigious Tarr Farm production to supply the crude oil needs of their seven refineries in Pittsburgh, known in the next decade as Standard Oil of Pittsburgh.

Not just an oil producer, Heman Janes developed his Tarr Farm property into the post office village of Tarr Farm. Janes built a large wood framed and clad home at Tarr Farm. The village at its peak had several thousand residents. See Erie County Heman Janes reference. Today, the village is completely gone, consumed by the woods. Numerous historical photos of the old Tarr Farm and the Phillips No.

In the early years, crude oil was transported out of the Oil Region primarily by water. Wagons were used to haul crude oil in barrels to the rail station at Corry or to early refineries in Erie. See Erie County references. These wagon shipments, however, were relatively small. The first railroad, the Oil Creek R. The Oil Creek was always a single track through the Oil Creek Valley and limited in capacity.

For the first six years of the industry, the bulk of the crude oil shipped out of the Pennsylvania Oil Region went by way of water and the majority of that flowed through Oil City.

Bytwenty Oil City crude oil shipping firms had warehouse facilities on the north bank of the Allegheny just below Oil Creek. The firms would send buyers up Oil Creek and its tributaries to purchase crude at the wells. This would be shipped by barge or by wagon to Oil City where bulk barge shipments were assembled for the trip down-river to Pittsburgh.

Jacob Vandergrift, an Ohio River steamboat pilot and captain of some celebrity, and the Pittsburgh coal tycoon, Daniel Bushnell, were partners in the two most prominent shipping landings at Oil City.

The partners also owned and operated a large boat yard across the river in South Oil City. Vandergrift moved to Oil City with his family, lived on Colbert Ave. He would buy large lots of crude on Oil Creek in the spring when the price was historically low and resell it in Pittsburgh in the fall at a much higher level when the Pittsburgh refineries needed the crude to make illuminating oil for the winter.

He was the most prominent of the early Oil Region men involved in the transportation of crude by water, rail and pipeline. Bridge and the Veterans Bridge. The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission historical marker honoring Jacob Vandergrift stands in Justus Park at the mouth of Oil Creek.

A half dozen or more excellent historical photos exist depicting early boat activity at the mouth of Oil Creek. Also, an excellent stylized line drawing exists, depicting boat activity as seen from where the Spilling the Beans Coffee Shop now stands on the South Side. The land was transferred in to a newly organized New York corporation, the Central Petroleum Co. This corporation was formed to make money as a joint stock company by selling stock in the market as well as to make money in the production of crude.

The firm drilled its own wells and later leased land to independent producers. The company made millions for its investors. The Central Petroleum Co. Today, the Petroleum Centre site in Oil Creek State Park is grown over.

Wood boardwalks exist to give the visitor a feel for the place. A number of excavated foundations with old stone rubble can be seen along the walk. Plentiful historical photos of the nineteenth century site exist. Pithole on Pithole Creek in Cornplanter Township was the quintessential oil boom town. Oil was discovered in January Throughout the year, Pithole dominated crude oil production in the Region.

Some 15, people moved into Pithole, a town with little water, little housing and no sewers. Millions were invested in a frenetic commercial district featuring numerous hotels, some very nice and respectable, some not. The masses began to leave. The bars dried up. The hotels and streets emptied. By springthe drillers were gone, the teamsters were gone, the merchants were gone.

Fires, some accidental, some deliberate, were devastatingly common. Pithole slowly burned to the ground. Buildings were dismantled and moved elsewhere. What was left was a new railroad, several new pipelines and very little oil to move. Today, the ghostly Pithole historical site exists over acres of cleared and tree-covered land owned by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.

An excellent diorama of the Pithole site exists in a modern museum building on the site. Pithole was amply photographed and numerous photos exist. Incrude oil production became centered on the headwaters of Cherry Run in Oil Creek Township.

Several small post office villages were created, all connected by boardwalks. The first of these villages was called Shamburg and the locale is known by that name today. In oil production moved east to the farms south of Pleasantville.

Many of the Pithole drillers and most of the Pithole pipeline activity migrated north to Shamburg and Pleasantville. The big pipelines were the Titusville Pipe Co.

Brown and his brothert-in-law, Dr. John Wilson, were particularly successful as both Pleasantville producers and bankers. Today, the Shamburgh area is criss-crossed with umimproved dirt roads serving tree covered oil and gas leases in the nearby woods.

Some historical photos exist. Numerous historical photos of the Pleasantville activity exists. The nineteenth century Italianate homes of Samuel Q. Brown and John Wilson still stand in Pleasantville. These Oil City buyers offices became the center of commercial activity in the Oil Region.

Across the street in the Mercantile Building several large Cleveland refiners maintained their buyers offices. The largest Cleveland firm represented was that of Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler, the firm that had just reorganized as Standard Oil of Ohio.

The Oil City — based partnership of Jacob Vandergrift and George Foreman was in the Empire Transportation Co. These buyers were so close they could, and would, shout across the street to one another. An informal oil exchange formed out on muddy Center St.

Western Union was in the building next door. Today, the wood-framed and wood-clad buyers offices are long gone. A Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission historical marker honoring Charles Lockhart stands on Center St.

A nice selection of excellent historic Alvin Drake Deming photos depicting this venue exists. The Galena refined the Franklin Heavy Crude found nearby in Sugarcreek Township. The partners purchased the patent for a product called Hendrix Lubricator. The resulting product was an excellent lubricant for heavy-duty railroad car journal bearings and a vast improvement over the previously used animal fat-based lubricants.

Charles Miller was a consummate salesman and used his great talent to sell Galena Oil to the railroads across the country. Sibley developed a refining technique to produce a high-grade lamp oil suitable for railroad use. This product was called Signal Oil.

Sibley was a gifted salesman, also. He sold Signal Oil to railroads across the country. Standard Oil bought a controlling interest in both Galena Oil and Signal Oil in — Today, the Galena Refinery is gone.

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His second home, a sprawling stone mansion, sits on the old Sibley estate in Cranberry Township and looks down on the Allegheny River. The impressive Galena-Signal office edifice still stands on Liberty St. The Eclipse Lubricating Oil Co. Albert Egbert and other Franklin investors in The small plant was located just north of Franklin on the road to Oil City and close to the Allegheny River.

Sitting idle for several years, Standard Oil bought the property and reopened it in Henry Rogers for Standard Oil bought a huge tract of land just to the north of the old site in Sugar Creek. Lewis was the President of the great Eclipse Lubricating Oil Co.

His large Victorian home stood on Liberty where the K. Standard Oil assigned the Eclipse plant to their Atlantic Refining group in Today, nearly all of the structures of this once great refinery are gone.

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However, the building that was the plant office remains standing in excellent condition on Route 8. Numerous 19th and 20th century historic photos exist. The Oil City Exchange was formally organized as a corporation in It was one of a dozen or so oil exchanges in the country where refiners, brokers, producers and speculators bought and sold pipeline oil certificates representing 1, barrels of crude oil.

Init was the third largest financial exchange of any sort in the country, behind just New York and San Francisco. During this period, the Oil City Exchange set the price of crude oil throughout the world. A grand Oil Exchange Bldg. The building was a place of business, recreation, gambling and socializing for its wealthy members.

The building no longer exists. In its place, stands the old Mellon Bank building. Several excellent historical photos of the Oil City Exchange building exist.

Bythe transportation of crude oil from the well to the railhead was all done by a collection of separate and independent gathering pipeline companies. Inthe major gathering pipeline companies agreed to merge under a new corporation charter and name, United Pipe Lines, Inc.

This vast pipeline organization extended throughout the Pennsylvania Oil Region from Butler County to the Bradford Field in McKean County and into southern New York. The President of this new corporation was Jacob Vandergrift of Oil City.

The United Pipe Lines owned thousands of miles of two, three and four inch pipe and over a hundred pump stations along pipeline right-of-ways. It operated an extensive telegraph system across its network. The United gathered from the wells and delivered crude oil to the big trunk railroads for transport out of the Oil Region through Beginning inthe United gathered and delivered crude for transport to a system of trunk pipelines United built to pipe the crude rather than ship it by rail to distant lake and tidewater refineries.

The elaborate Oil City Trust Bldg. A one story Pennsylvania State Liquor Store stands today on the former Oil City Trust Co. What survives of the United Pipe Lines are miles and miles of 19th century wrought iron pipe scattered across old fields, the graded sites of old iron storage tanks and the once beating heart of the entire system — Bear Creek Pump Station just south of Parker in Armstrong County.

See Armstrong County Bear Creek Station reference. A few historical photos and illustrations of United pump stations and offices throughout the Region exist. Eaton leased an office on Sycamore St. The firm prospered and purchased the Innis Mfg.

InOil Well Supply bought the property formerly occupied by the Imperial Refinery in Siverly. Numerous buildings were erected on the sprawling site. Oil Well also had plant sites in Pittsburgh and Bradford. Each plant produced products unique binary options system volume information forex the site. Oil Well Supply became part of United States Steel in The Oil City plant remained in operation until Today, several original Oil Well Supply foundry and machining buildings as well forex peace army interactive brokers two impressive administrative buildings still stand in the Oil City Industrial Park.

A good variety of historical line drawings and photos of Oil Well Supply, how to buy alibaba stocks well as early product literature, exist. A brass sidewalk plaque on Seneca locates the old Innis plant. William Innis built a large Victorian up on West Fourth and Innis St. An Oil Well Supply historical marker stands at the south end of the Veterans Bridge.

The National Transit Co. All of the assets of the existing United Pipe Line Co. Fortunately, the National Transit Bldg. See South Penn Oil reference and Quaker State Reference.

South Penn Oil was organized by Standard Oil in with corporate and management offices initially in Oil City in the National Transit Bldg. Noah Clark of Oil City was the first President of South Penn. At the turn of the century, it was the largest crude oil production company in the country. InWilliam J. Young, formerly of Oil City, was named Vice President of South Penn Oil. Archbold in New York was President of all Standard's production companies at the time. When Standard Oil was broken up inSouth Penn Oil became a stand-alone production company.

Joseph Seep was named President that year and served as President till and Chairman from to InSouth Penn successfully employed tertiary recovery methods using water flooding throughout the Bradford Field achieving impressive crude production numbers once again. During this extended period of tertiary recovery production in the old Bradford Field, South Penn moved its corporate 1 minute binary options indicators reddit to Bradford.

When South Penn completed its decades merrion capital irish jobs program of acquiring all of Pennzoil inthe firm moved its corporate offices back to Oil City. When South Penn relocated to Oil City, it moved into the existing Pennzoil offices in the Drake Bldg.

The firm also rented offices and computer space in the National Transit Annex. Html code for stock market ticker Suhr was named Chairman of the Board of the South Penn Oil Co. George Hanks was named President of South Penn and was succeeded by John Selden in Suhr at the time lived in his residence on West Third, a house that still stands.

Several generations of Selden homes exist in Oil City and Selden descendants live in the Oil Region. InSouth Penn was bought by Hugh Liedtke and William Liedtke of Zapata Petroleum and Stetco Petroleum, two Midland, Texas oil firms.

After the Liedtke purchase, South Penn Oil was renamed Pennzoil, and the corporate offices eventually moved to Texas. Several nineteenth century refining enterprises were the seeds of the Oil City refining enterprise that came to be known as Pennzoil. The Penn Refining Co. In Rouseville the same year, the Nonpareil Refinery was built. This Rouseville firm was given a new name, Germania Refining.

Germania and Penn Refining merged inkeeping the Germania name. The Germania name was dropped during World War Tropico 4 how to make money early for a new name, Penn-American Refining Co.

InPenn-American assumed the Pennzoil name, taken from a brand used by one of its California subordinate marketing firms. See South Penn Oil reference. After the Liedtke purchase, corporate headquarters were moved to Houston. Today, the art deco Drake Bldg. Two homes Samuel Justus resided in stand on East Bissell. Several Suhr descendants still live in the Oil Region. The Quaker State Oil Refining Co.

Among the firms pulled together were Quaker State Oil Refining of Oil City, Emlenton Refining of Emlenton, Sterling Oil of Emlenton, Independent Refining of Oil City, J.

Berry sons of Oil City and McKean County Refining of Smethport.

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Crawford of Emlenton was the first President and Forex fundamental news feed Messer and James. Berry of Oil City the Vice Presidents. Berry of Oil City was the Treasurer. Quaker State maintained its corporate offices in Oil City in the old Chambers Bldg. Lee Forker, Quentin Wood, Roger Markle, Jack Corn and Conrad Conrad were the chief executives of Quaker State in later years.

Quaker State moved its corporate offices to Texas in The Harry Crawford home in Emlenton still stands as do the Berry homes in Oil City. The Quaker State Bldg. The nearby Wachovia Bldg. Abundant historical photos of Quaker State and Sterling Oil subjects exist in the Venango Museum of Art, Science and Industry. Notable family groups still living in the Oil Region include Elizabeth Gilger and Pamela Forker of Oil City, the Breene family of Oil City and Arch and Vancity foreign exchange rate calculator Newton of Emlenton.

Abundant resources and venues at the Drake Well Museum. See Venango County Drake Well reference. This nineteenth century railroad provided early rail access to the Oil Region. An excellent replica of a nineteenth century A.

The James Tarr House on the old Courthouse square still stands. After neural network forecasting stock market the Tarr Farm on Oil Creek, Tarr moved his young family to Meadville.

A work at home fever bbb Victorian McClintock home still stands on Chestnut St.

See Venango County Petroleum Centre reference. Orange Nobel and George Delamater were village merchants and small businessmen in Townville when the Drake Well came in. The well was considered dry after drilling down to ft. Another effort was made. 1 minute binary options indicators reddit well drilled liverpool fc forex in In May, the Farel Well came in at 3, barrels a day when the price of crude was on the rise.

Nobel moved to Erie where he invested in a big iron furnace, opened a bank and became the Mayor of Stock market price of gold per gram. Delamater moved to Meadville and built a large Victorian house on the Courthouse Square.

Today, the crossroads in Townville still look and feel like the midnineteenth century when Nobel and Delamater were young merchants. The Oil Creek Rail Road reached Titusville from Cory in Erie County November providing the first rail transportation to the Oil Region. The railhead was a center of buying and selling crude oil from the upper Oil Creek Valley, Pithole, Shamburg, and Pleasantville, oil headed for Cleveland, New York and Philadelphia refiners.

Today, the railroad right-of-way still runs through Titusville along Oil Creek. The old Perry Street Train Station exists, and the Oil Creek and Titusville excursion railroad makes runs from Perry St.

Station down the Oil Creek Valley. See Erie County Corry reference. William Abbott and Henry Harley were prominent early Titusville shippers. The first formally organized oil exchange in the Oil Region. A Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission marker stands in front of the site where the Titusville Exchange built its own building in Acme was a Standard Oil organization. After some devastating refinery fires and forecasts binary options concurrent decline of the lower oil fields, Acme departed Titusville.

Titusville was home to many of the most prominent oil and natural gas producers in the early Oil Region. Archbold sold his home to John J. Carter, a Civil War Medal of Honor winner, who succeeded handsomely as a oil producer in Pleasantville, Bradford and Sistersville, West Virginia. Emerson became immensely forex forex forex online signal trading11 in forex dichiarazione dei redditi natural gas production and distribution partnership with John N.

Pew, first in Bradford and then in Murraysville and Pittsburgh. The Tarbell House was built from lumber originally used in the Bonta House in Pithole. Ida lived in this house on Stock market gurus india Main in Stock brokers pleasantville through her school days before leaving for Meadville, New York and Paris.

Her parents lived their lives out in this structure. The house is currently targeted for extensive restoration. Byron Benson was the President of the Tidewater Pipe Line in when the firm built the historic first trunk pipeline out of the Oil Region.

Originally, the pipeline ran from the Bradford Field to Williamsport where it connected with the Reading Rail Road. The Titusville Iron Co. John Fertig, John C. The company built Acme Steam Engines and Boilers and Olin Gas Engines. The firm offered a full line of oil industry products for refineries and the general trade including stills, agitators, pumps, blowers, tanks, tank cars, eccentric powers, pumping jacks and brass and iron castings. The firm prospered and claimed to have done more work for refineries and the trade than any similar firm in the country.

Several smaller refineries operated in Titusville at the turn of the century including the Climax Oil Manufacturing Co. Vestiges of these refineries operated throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Generally, they were consolidated under the Cities Service organizational umbrella. The Cities Service family of Titusville refiners ceased operations in Corry is where all the historic nineteenth century railroads converged and gained access to or exit from the Oil Region.

Wagons hauling big barrels of crude from Oil Creek would reach the railroads at Corry. This was extended to Meadville in The Oil Creek R. An ample variety of historical photos exist as well as the modern operating railroad right-of-ways. The partnership of James Hammond and John Fertig in built two prominent refineries at Erie to manufacture illuminating oil from the crude oil produced at the Hammond and Fertig wells on the Upper McElheny Farm on Oil Creek. This operation prospered so well so early, both men retired from the business for a while to enjoy the good life.

In later years, the Solar Refinery became renowned in Erie. It was operated by Thomas Brown who joined with John D. The Samuel Downer organization operated coal oil refineries in Boston and New York City at the time of the Drake Well excitement.

Downer knew of petroleum found in Western Pennsylvania. When the big flowing wells on Oil Creek started producing, Downer made the decision to build a large, state-of-the-art crude oil refinery at Corry. Heman Janes was an Erie businessman buying and shipping timber from western Ontario what is the best way to make money on runescape f2p the time of the Drake Well excitement.

He knew about oil early on and bought half of the Tarr Farm on Oil Creek in See Venango County Overview Janes built the village of Tarr Farm and lived there into the next decade. Early on, Janes was involved with other Erie investors to buy ten miles of the Oil Creek Valley, a scheme that did not work because the outbreak of the Civil War intimidated potential investors. Janes, again with Erie investors, proposed to build and operate an oil pipeline made of hollowed wood logs placed along Oil Creek.

The idea had merit but was abandoned when Pennsylvania would not give Janes a charter. The local state representative did not want to put forex sweden those Teamsters, all those votes, out of work. Historical photos of the Janes House at Tarr Farm exist. See Venango County Tarr Farm reference. Orange Nobel, spectacularly successful on Oil Creek, was subsequently Mayor of Erie. See Crawford County Townville reference.

Samuel Grandin was a wealthy Tidioute merchant and lumberman when oil was found at Drake Well. Recently, the splendid Samuel Grandin Home was demolished. Photos of the structure exist. Historical photos of Tidioute are abundant. Fagundas, located up on the ridge overlooking the Allegheny River about five miles below Tidioute, was the last big producing area in the Venango- Lower Warren Field before production moved south to Armstrong, Clarion and Butler Counties.

A crossroads and old cemetery today mark the site where a dynamic, active oil town once stood. Jahu Hunter was a successful Tidioute merchant and lumberman in the early days of oil. Cummings was a Civil War veteran and a successful merchant in Tidioute. Hunter and Cummings formed a partnership to lease lands in Armstrong and Butler County in search of oil.

Cummings brought in a great producing well called the Lady Hunter in See Armstrong County Lady Hunter reference. The firm prospered and invested their great wealth in a vast timber tract best dividend paying stocks for roth ira Missouri.

Both men lived out their lives in fine homes in Tidioute. These homes still stand. The Hunter home and grounds are a destination for old house buffs. South of Sheffield in what is now the Allegheny National Forest, the first of a series of big flowing wells came in the summer of These wells were from white producing sands very different than the black sands how to make money adf.ly the giant Bradford field to the northeast.

Producers believed they had found a economic growth and stock market activity in 1920s new field that would prove to be as prodigious as the Bradford Field.

Investors rushed to obtain leases in remote places in the lower Warren County Forest. The place came to be known as Cherry Grove and the phenomena, the Cherry Grove Excitement. Other oil exchange speculators hired a group of savvy men, oil scouts, to observe openly or clandestinely the progress and showing of the mystified wells. Investopedia forex tutorial pdf oil scouts became as famous as the secret wells.

All the excitement was over quickly! By summerthe Cherry Grove Wells were on the forex ea lab review and in rapid decline. Numerous nineteenth century illustrations of Cherry Grove exist. Sheffield was a departure point for ventures into the forest. William Morton, a tannery tycoon, owned a good part of the land and leased it for a one fourth royalty to interested producers.

His grand house still stands in Sheffield. The Struthers name is an old one in Warren. It manufactured both fork win in binary options and portable engines and boilers including the well known Warren Oil Well Engine and Boiler.

It manufactured tanks, stills, tank cars and general castings and boilerplate work for refineries. The Struthers Wells site is still active. He left the Ramage refinery and came to Warren where he built the Muir Oil Works in His firm purchased the Glade Oil Works in Before the end of the century, Crew-Levick of Philadelphia purchased both of these refineries.

Warren has always been home to oil refineries. Late nineteenth century plants included H. The Crew-Levick Muir Refinery and Glade Refinery were prominent Warren refineries in the late nineteenth century. See reference to William Forex trading plan example, above. Historical photos can be forex windows phone. Refining asphaltic crude oil piped in from Canada, the United Refinery is the major supplier of gasoline in Northwestern Pennsylvania.

It operates stations under its own brand, Kwik Fill, and sells gasoline to other distributors. Galey was among the first oil men to develop the immediate Parker area. In it had a population of 4, William Parker, William Thompson and Hamilton McClintock formed a partnership in to buy and sell crude oil at Oil City. Haines of the Bradys Bend Iron Company joined with Parker and Thompson.

The firm built an early pipeline to Parker called the Union Pipe Line. Several years later, the Union Pipeline was sold to the Empire Transportation Co. William Parker eventually moved to Oil City, residing in a fine home that still exists. During the peak of production in the lower oil fields of Armstrong, Clarion and Butler County, an Oil Exchange for trading pipeline oil certificates was established at Parker. For a brief time, it was the largest exchange in the Oil Region.

Not just buyers for the refineries, but outright gamblers interested only in wild speculation bought and sold. Fortunes were made and fortunes were lost in Parker in less than a day.

Parker was a wild, exuberant, untamed place at the time. East of Petrolia about two miles on the James Parker Farm in Armstrong County, Hascal Taylor and James Satterfield found oil in March David Criswell had an interest in this well and started a small hamlet, Criswell City, to accommodate producers and the curious.

The stage between Petrolia and Bradys Bend stopped at tiny Criswell City so travelers could view this natural wonder. Early Armstrong County oil production progressed south from Parker between the Butler County line and the Allegheny River. Two Tidioute businessmen, Jahu Hunter and Capt. Cummings, put down an oil well on arbitrage opportunities in the japanese stock and futures markets Crawford Farm between Petrolia and Bradys Bend in Producing barrels a day, she was quite the lady.

Hunter and Cummings built a pipeline to East Brady to ship their oil by rail. The nineteenth century site with structures still exists. Early currency trading islamic financeGeorge Dimick leased parts of several adjacent farms where Dougherty Run intersects South Bear Creek.

The nearest producing well was three miles north. In Aprilthe Fannie Jane began pumping barrels a day. The mob of oil men descended on the place. By July, some 2, called the new town built around The Fannie Jane, Petrolia. In FebruaryGeorge Dimmick was elected the first burgess. Sketches of George Dimick exist. Numerous historical photos of Petrolia exist. George Nesbitt enjoyed the fruits of success from his investments in the Petrolia area with George Dimick.

Nesbitt bought a major interest in the Patton Farm, outside of Petrolia. In JanuaryNesbitt hit a thousand barrel gusher on the Patton Farm. Nesbitt was an oil prince, a high roller on the Parker Oil Exchange. He lost it all in the panic of Refer to Parker Oil Exchange, Armstrong County. Sketches of George Nesbitt exist. In MayKarns purchased a half interest in the Cooper Well on the McClymonds Farm, a mile and a half south of Petrolia.

Two days later, the well flowed at barrels a day. Karns leased the adjacent Riddle and the John B. Both farms were developed quickly as very successful producing property.

It was on the McClymonds and Riddle Farms the community of Karns City in Fairview Township was built. By Marchthe bustling little oil town named after Steven Karns was home to more than 2, inhabitants.

A bank was established and three hotels served the place: Karns laid the first oil pipeline from Parkers Landing, Armstrong County to the Allegheny Valley R. He was instrumental in establishing the early Union Pipe Line at Parker. Karns built a narrow gauge railroad from Karns City to Parker. InKarns purchased several half acre plots near the Jameson Well at what became known as Greece City in Concord Township.

He built another pipeline from Greece City to the railhead at Harrisville. Old Karns City was heavily damaged by fire and rapidly declined. Today, a number of historical photos exist. Karns built call put options ex les hindi mansion, Glen-Karns, suitable for an oil prince on an estate he constructed near Freeport.

A gambler in the oil exchange and at the card table, Karns was forced to sell his grand country seat overlooking the Allegheny River when he suffered irrevocable losses. Karns went to Colorado in to manage the cattle ranch owned by a friend and business associate, E. Later, he returned to Pittsburgh. Sketches of Steven Karns exist as well as nineteenth century historical photos of Karns City.

On Connoquinessing Creek in the rugged country of southern Concord Township, David Morrison leased the Jamison Farm in On August 24,Morrison struck oil. It caught fire but quickly was put back into production at barrels a day. Steven Karns completed a well nearby on Christmas Day and completed another one the first part of January. John Preston completed a flowing barrel well nearby on January 12, A new community was built about the site.

The first building was a drug store completed on the Jamison Farm September 10, Five hotels, three banks and a number of taverns catered to the population. The population swelled to 1, inhabitants. Greece City featured a bank and newspaper and was declared a post office January 1, Two pipelines and storage tank farms served the site as well as two telegraph offices.

The wells quickly declined, buildings were carted off and a fire in December cleaned the place up. Today, what is left of Greece City is a road sign and a few residences on Route The line was called the Fairview after the nearby village of Fairview and the Township the pipeline originated in. The first pumping station was at Argyle, and the firm opened an office in Petrolia to purchase crude and manage the enterprise.

Repair shops were established in Petrolia. The first large iron storage tank in Butler County was built February at Karns City. This great tank held 23, barrels of crude. The Fairview Pipe Line in was merged into the United Pipe Line owned in partnership by Vandergrift and Foreman, Standard Oil, and directors of the Lake Shore and New York Central Rail Roads.

Through mergers and acquisitions, this firm would become the existing gathering and trunk pipeline system acquired by a newly organized Pennsylvania corporation, the National Transit Co. A sketch of the pump station at Argyle exists. An historical photo of the office at Petrolia exists. On March 22, the Hope Oil Co. The Troutman Farm was and remains a patch of rocks and scrubby trees famous for its unending supply of mud.

The Troutman Well flowed 1, barrels a day and the nearby lands proved to be eminently productive. For a time, the compact district produced 9, barrels a day. A small community, Modoc, was quickly constructed and soon included twenty ramshackle, wood frame and clad structures that housed a saloon, four hotels, several liveries, three merchants, and small homes. At its peak, about people resided in Modoc.

A storage tank farm was built and several pipelines ran to and from the place. The fire burned in the wind and cold rain throughout the night. In vain, the Modoc men fought the spreading blaze to save their homes.

Women and children spent the night crouched in the fields watching the place burn. By morning, half the small, brave town had burned down. The folks of Modoc left the place and allowed it to pass into oblivion. The intimate, compact farm site is all that remains today, unmarked and unnoticed.

Modoc was not well documented by photographs and seems today more myth and legend than an actual place of early Butler County oil history. The first oil well in the Millerstown area was the Shreve Well struck March on the Stewart Farm. The second well, the Dr. James Well, came in on the Barnhart Farm in May followed by the Lambing Well on the same farm.

Each of these wells produced barrels a day or more. The Wyatt Well, owned by Col. Wyatt, John Fertig of Titusville and John Hammond flowed at 1, barrels a day. The McKinney brothers from Titusville in partnership with John Galey developed a prolific tract on the Hemphill and Frederick Farms with scores of producing wells. At its peak, the Millerstown district produced 10, barrels a day. James McKinney built a fine residence in the growing community. John Galey established a residence also.

The Relief Pipe Line built a line from the village.

Banks, merchants and hotels changed the character of this sleepy farm community. Fire swept through the new community of Millerstown in Disastrous, the fire took seven lives and leveled much of the commercial district.

Four people were killed in Dr. The Bradford Field development in McKean County called the oil men north in Millerstown once again became a sleepy hamlet surrounded by quiet farms. Today, we call Millerstown, Chicora. Historical photos of nineteenth century Millerstown exist. A number of quaint late nineteenth century commercial structures still sit on a Chicora hillside silently, waiting to be appreciated.

In the Spring ofthe Bradford Field was in decline see McKean County and Warren County was a disappointment. Gypsy wildcat drillers looked everywhere for new sources of crude oil. On the Marshall Farm, six miles southwest of Butler on Thorn Creek, Col. In September, Thomas Phillips on the adjacent Bartlett Farm unexpectedly brought in a record setting 4, barrel a day gusher only to be surpassed by the neighboring Christie Well at 7, barrels.

In late October, Col. Armstrong recovered from his disastrous fire and brought in his second well that crushed all competitors at 8, barrels.

Thorn Creek became a legend in its own day. Thomas Phillips went on to become the largest producer of oil in Butler County based on a practice he initiated of leasing every farm he could with the novel agreement he would pay an annual rent to hold farms he had yet to drill on. Phillips, from New Castle, became one of the most prominent producers in the country in the late nineteenth century. His sons, based in Butler, succeeded him in operating the Phillips oil and gas properties in Butler County.

A variety of good historical photos showing the Thorn Creek development exist. The twentieth century Phillips business office and private residences exist in Butler. Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries Refineries at Karns City and Petrolia. Throughout the better part of the twentieth century the Pennsylvania Refining Co.

Today, the old Penreco Refinery is being operated by new owners. In nearby Petrolia, Sonneborne Sons of New York operated a refinery that was assumed by Witco Chemical. The facility is operated as a chemical plant, today. The first oil well in Clarion County, the Mead Well, was struck September The Mead Well was drilled on the Allegheny just south of the mouth of the Clarion River. Another well, the Elephant Well, was drilled close by. Both wells were small producers. Drillers moved north across the mouth of the Clarion and put down a number of wells along the Allegheny River bank up to Foxburg.

These wells were along the right-of-way of the Allegheny Valley Rail Road completed to South Oil City in At the time, Foxburg was only a rail stop with one or two small buildings serving the needs of the Fox Estate and local farmers. The output of these early oil wells along the river was minimal, but it was a start. Today, the old right of way of the Allegheny Valley Rail Road is all that remains of these early sites and.

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Throughout the next decade, the estate would become a major producer of crude. Under the management and leadership of William Logan Fox, a pipeline was built, a narrow gauge railroad was built up the hill and inland, the small railroad community of Foxburg grew and was admired as an unexpected jewel on the river, an iron bridge was constructed across the Allegheny. Fox sadly died a young man inthe estate was producing 1, barrels a day from its 3, acres of oil land. A variety of historical photos of old Foxburg, the Fox Estate and several of W.

Today, Foxburg is a pleasure to experience. The magnificent Foxburg Episcopal Church stands above Foxburg today, built by the Fox family in memory of W. Marcus Hulings completed a well, the Antwerp, on the Ashbaugh Farm a mile east of St. Petersburg in September The well produced a hundred barrels a day and caught the attention of producers throughout the oil region.

A community was built around the site. The first building was completed in the Spring of Within two months, the new community of Antwerp boasted three hotels, two hundred small homes, a school, telegraph office, four groceries and uncounted taverns.

For a short time, Antwerp was a lively place, but fire completely destroyed it in Hulings remained active as a prominent producer in the Clarion Field and was a partner in the Atlantic Pipe Line, a pipeline eventually sold to the United Pipe Lines, Inc. Nothing is left of Antwerp today. Hulings built a fine home in Oil City that stands this day. Several images of Hulings exist.

Only a mile from the Antwerp Well, the farms around the long established country village of St. Petersburg proved to be fertile oil ground with productive wells on nearly every farm.

Petersburg farms produced 3, barrels a day in The place grew quickly with an influx of humanity. Schools, churches, hotels and an opera house were built. Two banks opened for business and a newspaper was published. The place even offered the Pickwick Club for socializing. Petersburg Opera House was the site of heated meetings of local oilmen to discuss how to deal with the railroads and competing pipeline companies.

Petersburg was a well-known, prosperous, influential oil community during this period. Several big fires in could not destroy the place. Petersburg is a quiet, small community that retains much of its nineteenth century appearance and charm. Several hstorical photos exist. Lawrence Well on the Bowers Farm a mile north of Edenburg came in June This well called attention to Elk Township as good producing territory.

Hundreds of wells were drilled in the vicinity. Several new tiny communities including Knox on the Bowers Farm were built. Knox became a post office village with a dozen dwelling and a hardware store. Edenburg grew in six months from a crossroads hamlet with five houses, a blacksmith shop and a country store to a lively, prosperous oil community of 2, inhabitants.

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Edenburg claimed several fine hotels, banks, upscale stores and a railroad connecting it to Foxburg, St. It suffered from fires, but the spunky, resilient citizens always rebuilt.

Today, numerous photos and illustrations of these communities exist. The hills on the sides of Turkey Run proved inviting to drillers in Turkey City sat on the road to St. Petersburg and offered four stage coach runs a day, a post office with daily mail service and two acceptable hotels. It early on became the focus of oil field activity up on the plateau above the Clarion River.

Several pipelines originated or connected with others at the place leading to Oil City or Bear Creek Station. Refer to Armstrong County. A large storage tank farm was built in the nearby fields. These lines became the property of the National Transit Co.

Today, nearly everything is gone but the Turkey City Post Office and the inactive pipeline right-of-ways leading to and from the place. As early as there were signs of oil in what would become the Great Bradford Field. Small amounts of oil were found by Job Moses near Limestone, New York at the northern reach of Tuna Creek. No significant development followed until the Butts Well near Tarport, a mile above Bradford, began producing in Frederick Crocker leased the Watkins Farm about a mile above Tarport.

By Novemberten wells were producing oil around Tarport yielding barrels a day. Fifteen more wells were being drilled. Tarport was just a motley collection of a few ramshackle shacks at the time. Bradford was a sleepy, back woods village with some inhabitants who mostly made their living cutting and shipping timber.

A single-track railroad spur north to Carrolton on the Erie Rail Road connected Bradford with the outside world. The Empire Transportation Co. Early historical photos of Bradford and Tarport exist. By Septemberthe oil wells around Bradford were giving up 1, barrels a day.

By Julythe number of producing wells in the Bradford area increased to yielding 4, barrels a day. Finding refining markets, storing and transporting Bradford crude would prove nearly overwhelming for the next ten years. At the end ofthe field was producing 6, barrels a day. Bythe Bradford region was producing over 80, recorded barrels a day, possibly another 20, unrecorded. All available storage tanks around Bradford and throughout the Pennsylvania and New York Oil Region swelled with the unused crude inventory that reached more than 34, barrels in and remained at that level through Bradford constructed hundreds of wood-framed structures that were used as hotels, taverns, banks, churches, homes, groceries, mercantile stores, hardware stores, theaters and dance halls.

A newspaper, the Bradford Era, published a weekly and then a daily. Several pipeline companies laid gathering lines to the wells. Fire burned the early structures to the ground to be quickly replaced by handsome brick buildings. Early buying and selling of crude oil was centered in B. Book held court on the Bradford House second floor where hundreds of big oil contracts were concluded.

The United Pipe Lines opened a handsome brick structure in where the Bostwick Agency, later the Joseph Seep Agency, bought oil for Standard Oil. Numerous historical photos of early Bradford exist. The site of the United Pipe Lines office is now a parking lot for National City. Nearly all the early buildings are gone. Lewis Emery gained his experience and some early success at Pioneer on Oil Creek in Venango County.

Emery bought the 5, acre Quintuple Tract south of Bradford. The production of the Quintuple Tract made Emery an early Bradford petroleum millionaire. Emery in the ensuing years constructed a large commercial block in downtown Bradford, built a refinery and a pipeline and organized a newspaper, the Bradford Daily Record. He ran a large hardware store on Main Street for many years and owned the Bradford Hardwood Lumber Co.

Emery was a lion in the community and elected to the Pennsylvania State Senate several times. During the course of his long, influential life, he was a vocal, vigorous opponent of Standard Oil. A number of images of Emery exist. The Bradford Oil Exchange was organized on March 26, Charles Wheeler was the first president.

A handsome new brick building was opened on Main St. David Kirk was named president. Most prominent oil producers were members of the oil exchanges where the oil men both socialized and speculated on the daily price of oil certificates more for sport and pleasure than for business.

Several historical photos of both oil exchange buildings are available. Both buildings were demolished. To provide additional storage and another outlet for the growing production of the Bradford Field, the United Pipe Lines began construction October of a 4 inch pipeline to Kane on the Philadelphia and Erie Rail Road. By Aprilthe United completed four large 25, barrel iron tanks at Kane and began pumping crude through their 4 inch line from Bradford.

Kane grew and became a center of storage and shipment in the next decade. A large 6 inch line from Kane south to Turkey City refer to Clarion County was completed in The Kane Pipe Line flowed by gravity to Turkey City and down to Bear Creek Station.

In later years, oil was found and the oil fields developed around Kane. Historical photos of the Kane storage tanks and railhead exist. The railroad right-of-way exists. The Tidewater Pipe Line Co. The United built immense iron storage tank farms at both Colegrove and outside of Olean.

Inthe National Transit Co. Historical photos of the Colegrove tank farms exist. The Kendall refinery on Kendall Creek was established in The refinery took its name from the creek, failed several times, and was not formally organized as Kendall Refining Co.

Initially a very small refinery with a capacity of just barrels a day, Kendall was destined to absorb its rivals in the area in the twentieth century. InLewis Emery organized the Emery Manufacturing Co. It, too, was a very small refinery with an initial capacity of just barrels a day. Bythe Emery refinery had grown to a capacity of 1, barrels a day. A separate wax plant produced 7, pounds of paraffine wax a day. Kendall purchased the assets of the Emery Manufacturing Co. Early historical photos exist.

Inwater flooding of depleted oil wells was legalized in Pennsylvania. This recovery technique was widely used by South Penn Oil in its vast oil property acreage in Pennsylvania.

South Penn moved its corporate headquarters to Bradford where its handsome office building still stands. South Penn joined with the Tidewater Oil Co. InSouth Penn bought the remaining stock of Pennzoil. That same year, South Penn moved its corporate headquarters back to Oil City where it was originally organized and located in The McKean County Refining Co.

The refining plant was located at Farmers Valley where it could be supplied by gravity lines serving the Rue, Coleville and Bordell sections of the Bradford Field.

Smethport families were involved in the McKean County Refining enterprise. The refinery became part of the new Quaker State organization. The first well flowed about 1, barrels a day. Some producing wells along the narrow Music Mountain producing sand were drilled by One well reportedly started flowing at barrels an hour. The gas pressures were immense. The Witco Chemical Co. The firm operated as Witco Chemical marketing both the Kendall and Amalie brands.

The site was damaged in a tornado and rebuilt. The American Refining group bought the Bradford refining property of Witco Chemical. The Kendall brand was sold to Sun Oil Co. American Refining introduced its Brad Penn brand March 5, OIL is administered by the Oil Region Alliance. Neil and Lois McElwee The Drake Well was the discovery well in August of the great Pennsylvania Oil Field. VENANGO COUNTY Drake Well, Cherrytree Township.

The company made millions for its investors, The Central Petroleum Co. CRAWFORD COUNTY Titusville, Edwin Drake. McKinney Brothers, John J. Carter, and Edward Emerson, Titusville. ERIE COUNTY Corry: WARREN COUNTY Tidioute production, Grandin Family.