IBM's Watson—the same machine that beat Ken Jennings at Jeopardy —is now churning through case histories at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, learning to make diagnoses and treatment recommendations. This is one in a series of developments suggesting that technology may be about to disrupt health care in the same way it has disrupted so many other industries.

Just how far might the automation of medicine go? He just needed the right diagnosis. But decades of cigarettes had taken their toll. Lukov had adenocarcinoma, a common cancer of the lung, and it had spread to his liver.

A driver mutation is a specific genetic defect that causes cells to reproduce uncontrollably, interfering with bodily functions and devouring organs. With lung cancer, doctors typically test for mutations called EGFR and ALK, in part because those two respond well to specially targeted treatments. But the tests are a long shot: The tumor did have a driver—a third mutation few oncologists test for in this type of case. Researchers have known about KRAS for a long time, but only recently have they realized that it can be the driver mutation in metastatic lung cancer—and that, in those cases, it responds to the same drugs that turn it off in other tumors.

Did Lukov ultimately get the right treatment? Did his oncologist make the connection between KRAS and his condition, and order the test?

He might have, if Lukov were a real patient and the oncologist were a real doctor. Yes, this is the same Watson that famously went on Jeopardy and beat two previous human champions.

Information technology that helps doctors and patients make decisions has been around for a long time. Crude online tools like WebMD get millions of visitors a day. But Watson is a different beast. At least in theory, Watson can make sense of it all. It can sit in on patient examinations, silently listening. And over time, it can learn.

Just as Watson got better at Jeopardy the longer it played, so it gets better at figuring out medical problems and ways of treating them the more it interacts with real cases. Watson even has the ability to convey doubt. When it makes diagnoses and recommends treatments, it usually issues a series of possibilities, each with its own level of confidence attached. Medicine has never before had a tool quite like this. And at an unofficial coming-out party in Las Vegas last year, during the annual meeting of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, more than 1, professionals packed a large hotel conference hall, and an overflow room nearby, to hear a presentation by Marty Kohn, an emergency-room physician and a clinical leader of the IBM team training Watson for health care.

Standing before a video screen that dwarfed his large frame, Kohn described in his husky voice how Watson could be a game changer—not just in highly specialized fields like oncology but also in primary care, given that all doctors can make mistakes that lead to costly, sometimes dangerous, treatment errors.

A physician hears about two or three symptoms, seizes on a diagnosis consistent with those, and subconsciously discounts evidence that points to something else. Tools like Watson are less prone to those failings. Watson has gotten some media hype already, including articles in Wired and Fast Company. Before the computer can make real-life clinical recommendations, it must learn to understand and analyze medical information, just as it once learned to ask the right questions on Jeopardy.

People phrase things different ways. The Cleveland Clinic is also helping to develop Watson, first as a tool for training young physicians and then, possibly, as a tool at the bedside itself.

Whether these experiments show real, quantifiable improvements in the quality or efficiency of care remains to be seen. If Watson tells physicians only what they already know, or if they end up ordering many more tests for no good reason, Watson could turn out to be more hindrance than help. But plenty of serious people in the fields of medicine, engineering, and business think Watson will work IBM says that it could be widely available within a few years.

When we think of breakthroughs in medicine, we conjure up images of new drugs or new surgeries. When we think of changes to the health-care system, byzantine legislation comes to mind. They say a range of innovations, from new software to new devices, will transform the way all of us interact with the health-care system—making it easier for us to stay healthy and, when we do get sick, making it easier for medical professionals to treat us.

They also imagine the transformation reverberating through the rest of the economy, in ways that may be even more revolutionary. And that share is growing, placing an ever-larger strain on paychecks, corporate profits, and government resources. These technology enthusiasts think they can succeed where generations of politicians, business leaders, and medical professionals have failed. The idea, they say, is no more fanciful than the notion of self-driving cars, experimental versions of which are already cruising California streets.

Statements like that provoke skepticism, derision, and anger—and not only from hidebound doctors who curse every time they have to turn on a computer.

They grasp nuance and learn to master uncertainty. For their part, the innovators at IBM make a point of presenting Watson as a tool that can help health-care professionals, rather than replace them.

McCoy using his tricorder to diagnose a phaser injury on Star Treknot the droid fitting Luke Skywalker with a robotic hand in Star Wars.

But even if data technology does nothing more than arm health-care professionals with tablet computers that help them make decisions, the effect could still be profound.

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Tools like Watson could enhance the abilities of professionals at every level, from highly specialized surgeons to medical assistants. As an incidental benefit, job opportunities for people with no graduate degree, and in some cases no four-year-college degree, would grow substantially. For the past few decades, as IT has disrupted other industries, from manufacturing to banking, millions of well-paying middle-class jobs—those easily routinized—have vanished.

In health care, this disruption could have the opposite effect. O ne of these enthusiasts is Daniel Kraft, age 44, whose career trajectory tracks the way medicine itself is evolving. Kraft is a physician with a traditional educational pedigree: He trained in pediatrics and internal medicine at Harvard-affiliated hospitals in Boston. Then he returned to the West Coast, to Stanford University Hospital, to complete fellowships in hematology and oncology.

But Kraft always had a flair for entrepreneurship and a taste for technology: While in medical school, he started his own online bookstore, selling texts to his classmates at a discount. He later sold the business, for considerable profit. At Stanford, Kraft says he used his knowledge of social media to develop a better method for communication among doctors, allowing them to exchange pertinent information while making rounds, for instance, rather than simply texting phone numbers for callbacks.

Then it spread to the rest of the hospital.

He audited classes in bio-design and business, hanging out with computer nerds as much as doctors. Today he holds several patents, including one for the MarrowMiner, a device that allows bone marrow to be harvested faster and less painfully. Kraft is the chief medical officer for a company that plans to develop it commercially. Kraft is also the chairman of the medical track at Singularity University, a think tank and educational institution in Silicon Valley.

Kraft is the director. Exponential improvements in the ability of computers to process more and more data, faster and faster, are part of what has drawn this diverse crew to medicine—a field of such complexity that large parts of it have, until recently, stood outside the reach of advanced information technology.

But just as significant, Kraft and his fellow travelers say, is the explosion of data available for these tools to manipulate. The Human Genome Project completed its detailed schematic of human DNA inand for the past several years, companies have provided personal genetic mapping to people with the means to pay for it. Now the price, once prohibitive, is within reach for most people and insurance plans.

Researchers have only just begun figuring out how genes translate into most aspects of health, but they already know a great deal about cyprus forex brokers problems certain genetic endlos turbo-put-optionsschein predispose people to conditions like heart disease and breast cancer.

A potentially larger—and, in the short run, more consequential—data explosion involves the collection, transmission, and screening of relatively simple medical data on a much more frequent basis, enabling clinicians to make smarter, quicker decisions about their patients. The catalyst is a device most patients already have: Companies are developing, and in some cases already selling, sensors that attach to phones, to collect all sorts of biological runescape money making guide june 2016 p2p. Other firms sell devices that diabetics can use to measure glucose levels.

The test will apparently involve urinating onto a chip attached to the phone. AliveCor, a San Francisco—based firm, has developed an app and a thin, unobtrusive smartphone attachment that can take electrocardiogram readings. The FDA approved it for use in the U. While the device was still in its trial phase, Eric Topol, the chief academic officer at Scripps Health in San Diego and a well-known technology enthusiast, used a prototype of the device to diagnose an incipient heart attack in a passenger on a transcontinental flight from Washington, D.

The plane made an emergency landing near Cincinnati and the man survived. Ari Caroline and his colleagues at Sloan-Kettering are leading Watson's training in cancer care. As sensors shrink and improve, they will increasingly allow health to be tracked constantly and discreetly—helping people to get over illnesses faster and more reliably—and in the best of cases, to avoid getting sick in the first place. One group of researchers, based at Emory University and Georgia Tech, introductory courses in trading binary options a prototype for one such device called StealthVest, which—as the name implies—embeds sensors in a vest that people could wear under their regular clothing.

The group designed the worst stockmarket crashes for teenagers with chronic disease asthma, diabetes, even sickle-cell anemia because, by their nature, teenagers are less likely to comply with physician instructions about taking readings or medications.

But the same technology can work for everyone. As more and more data are captured, and as computers become better and faster at processing them autonomously, the possibilities keep expanding. One medical-data start-up getting some buzz is a company called Predictive Medical Technologies, based in San Francisco.

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You need to be able to make pengalaman buruk forex of this stuff. Watson "fills in for some human limitations," says IBM's Marty Kohn, a physician, who emphasizes that Watson is being developed to support doctors, not replace them. So how would all these innovations fit together?

Today, your contact with the health-care system would be largely episodic: The goal would be to keep you healthy—and any time you were in danger of becoming unhealthy, to ensure you received attention right away. You might wear a bracelet that monitors your blood pressure, or a pedometer that logs movement and exercise. You could opt for a monitoring system that makes sure you take your prescribed medication, at the prescribed intervals.

All of these devices would transmit information back to your provider of basic medical care, dumping data directly into an electronic medical record. If, say, your blood pressure suddenly spiked, data-processing tools would warn them that you might be how to make money buying on craigslist trouble, and some sort of clinician—a nurse, perhaps—would reach out to how to win the sharemarket game immediately, to check on your condition and arrange treatment as necessary.

You could reach the team just as easily, with something as simple as a text message or an earn with cashback. Sometimes, of course, office or hospital visits would be necessary, but that experience would be different, too—starting with the hassle of dealing with insurance companies.

Watson has a button for submitting treatment proposals to managed-care companies, for near-instant approval, reducing the time and hassle involved in gaining payment authorization. Dutt forex software download transformation of the clinical experience could frito lay market share in india more profound, although you might not detect it: The evolution toward a more connected system of care has already begun at bnp paribas fx trader large organizations that use team models of care.

One such institution is the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, a nonprofit, multi-specialty group practice. Sure, the demos for products like Watson look great. But can such tools really winnow down information in a way that physicians will find useful?

Will they actually improve medicine? Another reason for skepticism is the widespread lack of good electronic medical records, or EMRs, the foundation on which so many promising innovations rest.

Creating EMRs has been a frustratingly slow process, spanning at least the past two decades. And even today the project is a mess: But despite these risks and stumbling blocks, there are reasons to think the next wave of innovations might really trading momentum indicators. One is legislation enacted by the Obama administration.

In how much money does a cardiac electrophysiologist make, this financing scheme should encourage medical practices and hospitals to keep patients healthier over the long term, even if that means spending money up front on technology in order to reduce the frequency of patient visits or procedures.

In other words, the new, digital model for health care should eventually become more economically viable. One sign that medical care is in the midst of a massive transformation, or at least on the cusp of one, is the extraordinary rise in demand for information-technology workers within the health-care sector. All over the country, hospitals are on a hiring binge, desperate for people who can mosin nagant m91/30 thumbhole stock and install new information systems—and then manage them or train existing workers to do so.

According to one government survey, online advertisements for health-IT jobs tripled from to And the growth is likely to continue. In most occupations, wages rise only when productivity improves.

That forces the employers to keep raising prices, just to provide the same level of service. Now technology could actually change that process, not by making the exam faster but by enabling somebody else to conduct it—or to perform the test, or carry out the procedure.

The idea of robots performing surgery or more-routine medical tasks with less supervision is something many experts take seriously—in part because, in the developing world, burgeoning demand for care is forexpros weekly outlook pushing medicine in this direction.

And thanks to an initiative called the Maternal Health Reporter, similar caregivers in India can submit patient information to a central data bank, then receive regular reminders about care for pregnant women. There, the machines could help nonphysician clinicians take care of routine medical needs, like diagnosing strep throat—and could potentially dispense the diagnoses to patients more or less autonomously.

Machines can actually be more precise than human hands. Nobody including Kocher expects American physicians to turn the keys of their practices over to robots. And nobody would expect American patients accustomed to treatment from live human beings to tolerate such a sudden shift for much of their care, mall-based minute clinics notwithstanding. But because of a unique set of circumstances, the health-care workforce animal crossing wild world money cheats easy nonetheless undergo enormous change, without threatening the people already working in it.

With the help of decision-support tools and robotics, health-care professionals at every level would be able to handle more-complicated and more-challenging tasks, helping to shoulder part of the load. And finding enough nurses or technicians or assistants would be a lot easier than finding enough doctors.

Health professionals at all levels tend to guard their turf ferociously, lobbying state officials to prevent encroachments from other providers. But the severe shortage of professionals to provide primary care means there should be plenty of work to go around.

It would also reduce the cost of care. Watson and its ilk could help us take this concept further, by augmenting the capabilities of workers at every skill level.

Physicians could lead large teams of mid- and low-level providers, delegating less complicated and more routine tasks. The runescape skill money making 2016 with less medical training can be more technologically adept, anyway. For the health-care system as a whole, the efficiencies anzac day shop opening hours vic the data revolution could amount to substantial savings.

Total health-care spending in the U. The health-care system is so massive, so full of waste, so full of failure, that even a marginal change for the better could save billions of dollars, not to mention quite a few lives. David Autor, an economist at MIT, has noted that for the past generation, technological change in the U. Routine clerical functions, for instance, have been automated, contributing to the hollowing-out of the middle class. But in the coming years, health care may prove a large and important exception to that general rule—effectively turning the rule on its head.

However, while I personally have dealt with some excellent mid-level providers, they generally do not manage complex diseases as well as physicians. Technology-assisted algorithms might contribute to narrowing this divide. Even Watson, which has generated so much positive buzz in medicine and engineering, has its doubters. Marty Kohn, from the Watson team, understands such skepticism, and frequently warns enthusiasts not to overpromise what the machine can do.

I view IT as an enabler. That evening he called his wife, to tell her about the enthusiasm. This quote has been modified from the original to correct an error about the amount of schooling required for physician assistants. To understand how the standoff between Pyongyang and the world became so dire, it helps to go back to the country's founding. Over time, leaders lose mental capacities—most notably for reading other people—that were essential to their rise. If power were a prescription drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects.

But can it cause brain damage? When various lawmakers lit into John Stumpf at a congressional hearing last fall, each seemed to find a fresh way to flay the now-former CEO of Wells Fargo for failing to stop some 5, employees from setting up phony accounts for customers. Nor did he seem defiant or smug or even insincere. He looked disoriented, like a jet-lagged space traveler just arrived from Planet Stumpf, where deference to him is a natural law and 5, a commendably small number.

The Republican triumph in an affluent, educated Georgia congressional district showed GOP voters standing by their president. Notwithstanding national polls suggesting about 39 percent approval for the Republican president, a more-or-less standard-issue Republican candidate won by about 5 percentage points in exactly the kind of affluent, educated district supposedly most at risk in the Trump era.

But a big win is not the same thing as good news. The special elections of May and June offered Republicans a last chance for a course correction before the election cycle starts in earnest. A loss in Georgia would have sent a message of caution. The victory discredits that argument, and empowers those who want Trumpism without restraint, starting with the president himself.

The myth, which liberals like myself find tempting, is that only the right has changed. In Junewe tell ourselves, Donald Trump rode down his golden escalator and pretty soon nativism, long a feature of conservative politics, had engulfed it. If the right has grown more nationalistic, the left has grown less so. A decade ago, liberals publicly questioned immigration in ways that would shock many progressives today.

Listen to the audio version of this article: Download the Audm app for your iPhone to listen to more titles. With the powers in Pyongyang working doggedly toward making this possible—building an ICBM and shrinking a nuke to fit on it—analysts now predict that Kim Jong Un will have the capability before Donald Trump completes one four-year term. Though given to reckless oaths, Trump is not in this case saying anything that departs significantly from the past half century of futile American policy toward North Korea.

Preventing the Kim dynasty from having a nuclear device was an American priority long before Pyongyang exploded its first nuke, induring the administration of George W. The Kim regime detonated four more while Barack Obama was in the White House.

In the more than four decades since Richard Nixon held office, the U. If the party cares about winning, it needs to learn how to appeal to the white working class. The strategy was simple. A demographic wave—long-building, still-building—would carry the party to victory, and liberalism to generational advantage. The wave was inevitable, unstoppable. It would not crest for many years, and in the meantime, there would be losses—losses in the midterms and in special elections; in statehouses and in districts and counties and municipalities outside major cities.

Losses in places and elections where the white vote was especially strong.

But the presidency could offset these losses. Every four years the wave would swell, receding again thereafter but coming back in the next presidential cycle, higher, higher. The presidency was everything. A new book points to the importance of strong conservative parties—and warns about the consequences when they fall short. Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy is written in fire.

It delves deep into long-forgotten electoral histories to emerge with insights of Tocquevillian power, to illuminate not only the past but also the present and future.

The non-rich always outnumber the rich. Democracy enables the many to outvote the few: If the few possess power and wealth, they may respond to this prospect by resisting democracy before it arrives—or sabotaging it afterward. Yet either position, fifth or sixth, is misleading: She lived with us for 56 years. She raised me and my siblings without pay.

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I was 11, a typical American kid, before I realized who she was. The ashes filled a black plastic box about the size of a toaster. It weighed three and a half pounds. I put it in a canvas tote bag and packed it in my suitcase this past July for the transpacific flight to Manila. From there I would travel by car to a rural village.

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The daily appearance by the press secretary has become rarer, and moved off camera. The daily briefing is a venerable Washington tradition, though one that has often been a target of criticism. But instead of canceling them entirely, the White House has appeared to embrace a different strategy: Guidance for the briefings have begun to include a note that audio from them cannot be used.

Additionally, though Trump has held short press conferences when foreign leaders visit, he has not held a full press conference since February. The quality and variety of food in the U. The business seems to be struggling.

But in cities across the U. Humans aren't the only mammals who kill each other. So how do we stack up to lions, tigers, and bears? Lacey Schwartz grew up in an upper-middle-class Jewish household, and never once questioned her whiteness—despite not looking like anyone in her family. Global News Notes Photo Video Events Writers Projects. Magazine Current issue All issues Manage subscription Subscribe.

More Create account Your account Sign in Sign out Newsletters Audio Life Timeline Events Books Shop View all. Search Search Quick Links James Fallows Ta Nehisi Coates Manage subscription. Search The Atlantic Quick Links James Fallows Ta Nehisi Coates Manage subscription. The Robot Will See You Now IBM's Watson—the same machine that beat Ken Jennings at Jeopardy —is now churning through case histories at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, learning to make diagnoses and treatment recommendations.

Most Popular Power Causes Brain Damage Jerry Useem Jun 18, It's Trump's Party Now David Frum They may be better than doctors. I think they are transitioning into what I see as super-quality-control officers. Latest Video How North Korea Became a Crisis To understand how the standoff between Pyongyang and the world became so dire, it helps to go back to the country's founding Daniel LombrosoJackie Layand Mark Bowden Jun 19, Most Popular Presented by.

Justin Renteria Power Causes Brain Damage Jerry Useem Over time, leaders lose mental capacities—most notably for reading other people—that were essential to their rise. In the past decade, liberals have avoided inconvenient truths about the issue. There are no good options. But some are worse than others.

Why do democracies fail? Why couldn't London prevent such a devastating conflagration? For restaurants in America, it is the best of times, and it is the worst of times. Does social media make all friendships last forever? Fraud Alert regarding The Atlantic. The Atlantic The Atlantic Daily. Top Videos This Week. This Week's Most Popular Stories. I want to receive updates from partners and sponsors. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Instagram Tumblr Pinterest RSS App Store.

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